What Is Human Resources? Meaning, Roles, and Responsibilities

The Importance of Human Resources Resources (HR) plays a crucial role in a company's success. It is responsible for managing people, the most valuable asset of any organization. HR helps attract, develop, and retain the best talent, ensure a positive work environment, and maintain a healthy organizational culture. It is also responsible for ensuring that the company complies with labor laws and regulations, thereby mitigating legal risks.


What is HRM (Human Resource Management)?

Human Resource Management (HRM) is the process of managing people within an organization strategically and coherently. It encompasses all the activities related to employee recruitment, development, compensation, and retention. In current times, HRM has evolved to become a strategic partner for organizations. It plays a pivotal role in aligning the workforce with the organization's objectives and ensuring employee engagement and satisfaction.

Managers should connect with HR to ensure they know company policies, legal requirements, and best practices related to people management. As Dave Ulrich, a renowned HR thought leader, once said, "HR is not about HR. HR begins and ends with the business."


Seven Roles of HRM

When we speak about human resource management, we refer to several functions, more specifically staffing, development of workplace policies, compensation and benefits administration, retention, training, and development, dealing with laws affecting employment, and worker protection. In the following lines, we will expand on each one of them:

1.    Staffing

Staffing involves recruiting and selecting employees with the right skills, knowledge, and attitude to meet the organization's needs. HR professionals work closely with hiring managers to identify talent requirements, design job descriptions, and conduct interviews and assessments.

Tip: An org chart will help you how your organization looks like and helps on planning the future roles your company needs.

2.    Development of workplace policies

HR is responsible for creating and updating policies that govern employee behavior, performance, and other work-related aspects, such as capacity building. These policies ensure consistency, fairness, and compliance with legal requirements.

Related: In case if you're looking for a business policy template, start here. We also have a work from home policy template in case if this would be helpful.

3.    Compensation and benefits administration

HRM includes designing and managing competitive compensation packages and employee benefits programs. Such programs ensure that employees are appropriately rewarded for their work while maintaining internal and external pay equity.

4.    Retention

To retain talented employees, HRM focuses on employee engagement, career development, and work-life balance. This includes conducting employee satisfaction surveys, offering growth opportunities, and supporting personal and professional needs.

5.    Training and development

HRM oversees developing and delivering training programs that enhance employees' skills, knowledge, and abilities. This helps improve their performance, prepares them for future challenges, and fosters a culture of continuous learning.

6.    Dealing with laws affecting employment

It is the responsibility of HR experts to ensure adherence to labor rules and regulations, such as workplace safety, equal opportunity, and wage and hour laws. They stay updated on legislation changes and implement necessary policies and processes to maintain compliance.

7.    Worker protection

HRM plays a crucial role in promoting a safe and healthy work environment. This includes implementing safety policies, conducting regular inspections, and providing necessary resources and training to employees.


External Factors HR Managers Need to Consider

HR Managers must be aware of multiple external trends and regulations beyond people to ensure that they align with their organization's and its stakeholders' needs. Let's see what these are and how they might influence your business.

1.    Labor laws and regulations: HR managers must stay informed about changes in labor laws and ensure compliance to avoid legal disputes and penalties. Examples include handling absenteeism, toxic bosses, or terminations.

2.    Industry trends: HR managers should be aware of industry-specific trends and competitor practices to attract and retain top talent.

3.    Economic factors: Economic fluctuations can impact the job market, employee expectations, and compensation trends. Just think for a minute about the changes required during the covid epidemy.

4.    Demographics and workforce diversity: HR managers must consider demographic changes and promote diversity and inclusion within the organization.

5.    Technological advancements: HR managers should stay updated on technological innovations in HR tools and practices to improve efficiency and effectiveness.

Tip: LeaveBoard is a cloud HR software that helps small to mid-sized businesses with multiple functionalities: self-service absence management tools, employee directory, vacation calendar, attendance reports, and multiple automation to help you be more productive, transparent, and operative when it comes to HR.

How HR Supports Employees?

By establishing key parts of the people-management process, such as building relationships, new career paths for agile teams, work-life balance, redesigned performance management, and recognition, HR may assist in the development of an iterative approach to people management that will assure success when it comes to employees. Let's get into further detail:

  1. Employee relations: HR addresses employee concerns and grievances, fostering a positive work environment.
  2. Career development: HR provides opportunities for growth through training, mentorship, and succession planning.
  3. Work-life balance: HR offers flexible work arrangements and support for personal needs, such as parental leave and wellness programs.
  4. Performance management: HR designs and implements performance management systems to help employees set goals, receive feedback, and improve their performance.
  5. Recognition and rewards: HR administers recognition programs to celebrate employee achievements and contributions.


Skills Required to Work in HR

Ok, you decided that a job in HR might fit your personality and interest. This is great. Working with people will be mainly your core focus, and this is why the following skills would be the ones that are important to be strong on:

  1. Communication: Effective communication is essential to convey information, address concerns, and build relationships.
  2. Problem-solving: HR professionals must be able to identify, analyze, and resolve complex issues using problem-solving qualities.
  3. Empathy: Understanding and addressing the needs of employees is crucial in maintaining a positive work environment.
  4. Analytical skills: HR professionals must analyze data and trends to make informed decisions.
  5. Organizational skills: Managing multiple tasks, such as recruitment, training, and compliance, requires strong organizational abilities.


Types of HR Roles

You know the skills are needed to jump into an HR job; however, the industry is large, and there are different entry points, specializations, and responsibilities associated with the HR practice. Let's see what the top 10 most common roles are:

  1. HR Generalist
  2. HR Specialist (e.g., Recruiter, Compensation Analyst, Learning and Development Specialist)
  3. HR Assistant
  4. HR Manager
  5. HR Coordinator
  6. HR Director
  7. HR Business Partner
  8. People OPs
  9. HR Consultant
  10. Chief HR Officer.



FAQ Human Resource Management

What is the human resources department?

A human resources department is a division within an organization that focuses on the management of people. It is responsible for employee recruitment, development, compensation, and retention. The department also ensures compliance with labor laws and regulations and plays a key role in fostering a positive work environment and organizational culture.

How can HR managers ensure compliance?

HR managers ensure compliance by staying informed about labor laws and regulations, implementing appropriate policies and processes, conducting regular audits, and providing training to employees and managers on the company's legal obligations. They also work closely with legal experts to address potential issues proactively and mitigate risks.


Key takeaways

The HR department is essential in a company as it ensures effective human capital management, which is crucial for organizational success. It helps attract, develop, and retain the best talent while maintaining a positive work environment and fostering a healthy organizational culture.

There isn't a single "most important" part of HR, as all aspects are crucial to the success of an organization. Each function is vital in ensuring that employees are engaged, productive, and satisfied, from recruiting the right talent to fostering a positive work environment. The most important aspect of HR may vary depending on the organization's needs and priorities, but ultimately, HR's primary goal is to manage human capital to drive organizational success effectively.

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